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Reasoning and jugement in preschool age in pre-mathematics
Vitešníková, Hana ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee)
This thesis focuses on thinking and reasoning in preschool children in the mathematical education and deals with the development of thinking in this group. This thesis is based on the fact that preschool education is indispensable. The theoretical part is focused on development, stimulate thinking and types of preschool age child. The practical part is to stimulate thinking processes reduced to thinking and reasoning, or the possibility of stimulation in the form of worksheets. This thesis presents thirteen original worksheets, whose suitability was tested on twenty children aged 5-6 years in one kindergarten.
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Board game stimulating logical thinking of children aged 5 to 7 years
Čtvrtníková, Katrin ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Macháčková, Jana (referee)
The bachelor thesis supposed that the preschool children of the age 5-7 are able to play simple table games with rules. The goal is to investigate whether the preschool children in solving the game situations of a particular game"Goblíci jedlíci" are able to apply elements of logical thinking. The qualitative research has been used to prove it. The goal is based on the cognitive and development psychology of preschool age and on possibilities of pre-mathematical literacy. The teoretical part is focused on the preschool development in connection with the main topic of the thesis and the appropriate part of the game theory. The practical part contains the experiments and the data proceeding. For detailed observation and interpretation of the children's reactions and for data processing, description of situations, tabulation and comparison the video documentation has been used. The conclusion contains the core of experiments analysis with disscusion, and recomendations for practice. The experiment proved that children easily understand the rules and play with interest and the majority of them e able to apply some elements of logical thinking after some experience eventhough this ability has not been developed in their previous preschool education. Keywords: logical thinking development; cogitation,...
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Reasoning and jugement in preschool age in pre-mathematics
Vitešníková, Hana ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Kvasz, Ladislav (referee)
This thesis focuses on thinking and reasoning in preschool children in the mathematical education and deals with the development of thinking in this group. This thesis is based on the fact that preschool education is indispensable. The theoretical part is focused on development, stimulate thinking and types of preschool age child. The practical part is to stimulate thinking processes reduced to thinking and reasoning, or the possibility of stimulation in the form of worksheets. This thesis presents thirteen original worksheets, whose suitability was tested on twenty children aged 5-6 years in one kindergarten.
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Heuristics and biases: A model of intuitive judgement
Bahník, Štěpán ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
The present work describes the model of heuristic judgment of Kahneman & Frederick (2002) and two experiments based upon it. According to the model people answer a question with an answer to an easier question when making a heuristic judgment. This process is called the attribute substitution because a target attribute of a question is substituted by an associated and easier accessible heuristic attribute. The first experiment investigated whether two heuristic attributes can be used simultaneously during making of a judgment. A part of participants gave 1 or 4 reasons for one of the statements in Linda problem (Tversky & Kahneman, 1983). Numbers of reasons were selected so as to produce a feeling of fluency of disfluency. Although the conjunction fallacy occurred, the writing of the reasons didn't have any influence on the assessment of the probability of the related statement. The second experiment investigated whether the priming of the relation between processing fluency and risk can influence the effect of pronounceability of a food additive name on the assessment of its harmfulness. In accord with previous study (Song & Schwarz, 2009) it was shown that food additives with less pronounceable names were considered as more harmful. The priming didn't have any effect. The present studies...
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Applications of psychology of decision-making
Bahník, Štěpán ; Sirůček, Pavel (advisor) ; Džbánková, Zuzana (referee)
This work summarizes the basics of the heuristics and biases approach. It is a psychological approach to the study of decision-making and judgment stemming from works of Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. Not only did it contribute to understanding of numerous cognitive processes, which people use for deciding and making judgments, but it has many applications in various fields including economics as well. There are mentioned examples of application besides theory in this work. In particular, the covered fields are negotiation, investment decision making and marketing. Critics of depicted approach and its implications are briefly described at the end of the work.
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